常見的低壓配電柜、高壓配電柜其實(shí)并不是單單指配電柜本身，它實(shí)際上是我們俗稱的成套設(shè)備，其實(shí)這種叫法是不準(zhǔn)確的，學(xué)名應(yīng)該是“成套配電裝置”。那么什么是成套配電裝置，它有哪些特點(diǎn)呢?什么是“成套配電裝置”?成套配電裝置是以斷路器為主的電氣設(shè)備;成套配電裝置是制造廠成套供應(yīng)的設(shè)備，由制造廠預(yù)先按照主接線的要求，將每一回路的電氣設(shè)備高低壓電器(包括控制電器、保護(hù)電器、測(cè)量電器、如斷路器、隔離開關(guān)、互感器等)以及母線、載流導(dǎo)體、絕緣子等，裝配在封閉或半封閉的金屬柜中，構(gòu)成各單元電路分柜，此單元電路分柜成為成套配電裝置。安裝時(shí)，按主接線方式，將各單元分柜(又稱間隔)組合起來，就構(gòu)成整個(gè)配電裝置。在電器成套設(shè)備中把母線、隔離開關(guān)(高壓)、刀開關(guān)(低壓)、斷路器(空氣開關(guān))、電壓互感器、電流互感器、電力變壓器、交流接觸器、保護(hù)繼電器(熱繼電器)、避雷器等組成的設(shè)備叫一次設(shè)備。由它們按照原理關(guān)系所組成的回路稱為一次回路或一次方案圖。

　　The common low-voltage distribution cabinet and high-voltage distribution cabinet actually refer not only to the distribution cabinet itself, but also to what we commonly call a complete set of equipment. In fact, this term is inaccurate, and the scientific name should be "complete set of distribution equipment". So what is a complete set of power distribution equipment and what are its characteristics? What is a 'complete power distribution device'? A complete power distribution system is an electrical equipment mainly composed of circuit breakers; A complete set of power distribution equipment is a set of equipment supplied by a manufacturing plant. The manufacturer pre assembles the high and low voltage electrical equipment (including control appliances, protection appliances, measuring appliances, such as circuit breakers, isolating switches, transformers, etc.), busbars, current carrying conductors, insulators, etc. of each circuit in a closed or semi closed metal cabinet according to the requirements of the main wiring, forming each unit circuit cabinet. This unit circuit cabinet becomes a complete set of power distribution equipment. When installing, according to the main wiring method, the various unit cabinets (also known as intervals) are combined to form the entire power distribution device. The equipment composed of busbars, isolating switches (high voltage), knife switches (low voltage), circuit breakers (air switches), voltage transformers, current transformers, power transformers, AC contactors, protective relays (thermal relays), lightning arresters, etc. in electrical equipment sets is called primary equipment. The circuit composed of them according to their principle relationship is called a primary circuit or a primary scheme diagram.

　　為了使一次系統(tǒng)能可靠、穩(wěn)定地運(yùn)行，隨時(shí)監(jiān)視一次系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，同時(shí)能隨時(shí)控制一次系統(tǒng)所必須配備許多其他電器元件及設(shè)備。如：測(cè)量儀表(電流表、電壓表、功率因素表、功率表、頻率表等)、控制信號(hào)元件(信號(hào)燈、按鈕、轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)等)、繼電保護(hù)裝置等。由它們按照原理關(guān)系所組成的回路稱為二次回路或二次方案圖。

　　In order to ensure the safe, reliable, and stable operation of a primary system, it is necessary to monitor the system's operating status at any time and control it at any time by equipping it with many other electrical components and equipment. Such as measuring instruments (ammeter, voltmeter, power factor meter, power meter, frequency meter, etc.), control signal components (signal lights, buttons, universal transfer switches, etc.), relay protection devices, etc. The circuit composed of them according to their principle relationship is called a secondary circuit or a secondary scheme diagram.

　　成套設(shè)備主要分為：0.4kV、0.69kV、1.2kV低壓開關(guān)柜;3.6kV、7.2kV、12kV、24kV中壓開關(guān)柜(目前發(fā)展趨勢(shì))、40.5kV高壓開關(guān)柜，動(dòng)力箱(柜)、照明箱、控制箱(柜、臺(tái))、保護(hù)屏、直流屏等。

　　The complete set of equipment is mainly divided into: 0.4kV, 0.69kV, 1.2kV low-voltage switchgear; 3.6kV, 7.2kV, 12kV, 24kV medium voltage switchgear (current development trend), 40.5kV high voltage switchgear, power box (cabinet), lighting box, control box (cabinet, platform), protection screen, DC screen, etc.

　　高壓開關(guān)設(shè)備：主要用于發(fā)電、輸電、配電和電能轉(zhuǎn)換的高壓開關(guān)以及和控制、測(cè)量、保護(hù)裝置、電氣聯(lián)結(jié)(母線)、外殼、支持件等組成的總稱。

　　High voltage switchgear: a general term for high-voltage switches mainly used for power generation, transmission, distribution, and energy conversion, as well as control, measurement, protection devices, electrical connections (busbars), enclosures, supports, and other components.

　　開關(guān)柜防護(hù)要求中的“五防”：

　　The "five protections" in the protection requirements for switchgear:

　　防止誤分誤合斷路器防止帶電分合隔離開關(guān)防止帶電合接地開關(guān)防止帶接地分合斷路器防止誤入帶電間隔。

　　Prevent accidental opening and closing of circuit breakers, prevent energized opening and closing of isolation switches, prevent energized closing of grounding switches, prevent grounded opening and closing of circuit breakers, and prevent accidental entry into energized compartments.

　　護(hù)等級(jí)：外殼、隔板及其他部分防止人體接近帶電部分和觸及運(yùn)動(dòng)部件以及防止外部物體侵入內(nèi)部設(shè)備的保護(hù)程度。

　　Protection level: The degree of protection provided by the shell, partition, and other parts to prevent human access to live parts and moving parts, as well as to prevent external objects from entering internal equipment.

　　成套配電裝置的特點(diǎn)1、成套設(shè)備有金屬外殼(柜體)的保護(hù)，電氣設(shè)備和載流導(dǎo)體不易積灰，便于維護(hù)，特別是對(duì)外處的污穢地區(qū)時(shí)更為突出。

　　Characteristics of complete power distribution equipment: 1. The complete equipment is protected by a metal shell (cabinet), which makes electrical equipment and current carrying conductors less prone to dust accumulation and easier to maintain, especially in areas with external pollution.

　　2、成套設(shè)備易于實(shí)現(xiàn)系列化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、具有裝配質(zhì)量好、速度快、運(yùn)行可靠性高的特點(diǎn)。由于進(jìn)行定型設(shè)計(jì)和制作生產(chǎn)，所以其結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、布局合理、縮小了體積和占地面積，降低了造價(jià)。

　　2. The complete set of equipment is easy to achieve serialization, standardization, and has the characteristics of good assembly quality, fast speed, and high operational reliability. Due to standardized design and production, its structure is compact, layout is reasonable, volume and footprint are reduced, and cost is lowered.

　　3、成套設(shè)備的電器安裝、線路敷設(shè)與變配室的施工是分開進(jìn)行的，縮短了基建的時(shí)間。

　　3. The electrical installation, line laying, and construction of the transformer room for the complete set of equipment are carried out separately, which shortens the construction time.

　　產(chǎn)品型號(hào)主要有如下三大類：

　　There are three main types of product models:

　　1、低壓類：PGL(不使用)、GGD(可靠且性價(jià)比高，所以被廣泛應(yīng)用)、BFC(不使用)、GCL(K)(不使用)、GBD、GCS(森源設(shè)計(jì))、MNS(ABB技術(shù));

　　1. Low voltage category: PGL (not recommended), GGD (safe, reliable, and cost-effective, therefore widely used), BFC (not recommended), GCL (K) (not recommended), GBD, GCS (Senyuan Design), MNS (ABB Technology);

　　護(hù)等級(jí)：外殼、隔板及其他部分防止人體接近帶電部分和觸及運(yùn)動(dòng)部件以及防止外部物體侵入內(nèi)部設(shè)備的保護(hù)程度。

　　Protection level: The degree of protection provided by the shell, partition, and other parts to prevent human access to live parts and moving parts, as well as to prevent external objects from entering internal equipment.

　　成套配電裝置的特點(diǎn)1、成套設(shè)備有金屬外殼(柜體)的保護(hù)，電氣設(shè)備和載流導(dǎo)體不易積灰，便于維護(hù)，特別是對(duì)外處的污穢地區(qū)時(shí)更為突出。

　　Characteristics of complete power distribution equipment: 1. The complete equipment is protected by a metal shell (cabinet), which makes electrical equipment and current carrying conductors less prone to dust accumulation and easier to maintain, especially in areas with external pollution.

　　2、成套設(shè)備易于實(shí)現(xiàn)系列化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、具有裝配質(zhì)量好、速度快、運(yùn)行可靠性高的特點(diǎn)。由于進(jìn)行定型設(shè)計(jì)和制作生產(chǎn)，所以其結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、布局合理、縮小了體積和占地面積，降低了造價(jià)。

　　2. The complete set of equipment is easy to achieve serialization, standardization, and has the characteristics of good assembly quality, fast speed, and high operational reliability. Due to standardized design and production, its structure is compact, layout is reasonable, volume and footprint are reduced, and cost is lowered.

　　3、成套設(shè)備的電器安裝、線路敷設(shè)與變配室的施工是分開進(jìn)行的，縮短了基建的時(shí)間。

　　3. The electrical installation, line laying, and construction of the transformer room for the complete set of equipment are carried out separately, which shortens the construction time.

　　產(chǎn)品型號(hào)主要有如下三大類：

　　There are three main types of product models:

　　低壓類：PGL(不使用)、GGD(可靠且性價(jià)比高，所以被廣泛應(yīng)用)、BFC(不使用)、GCL(K)(不使用)、GBD、GCS(森源設(shè)計(jì))、MNS(ABB技術(shù));

　　Low voltage category: PGL (not recommended), GGD (safe, reliable, and cost-effective, therefore widely used), BFC (not recommended), GCL (K) (not recommended), GBD, GCS (Senyuan Design), MNS (ABB Technology);

　　2、中高壓類：GG-1A(F)(不使用)、XGN2-12(不使用)、KYN1-12(不使用)、JYN2,6-12(不使用)、HXGN-12(F)、XGN15-12(SF6)、KYN18-12、KYN28-12(目前市場上主流產(chǎn)品)、KYN□-24(正在成為發(fā)展趨勢(shì))、JYN1-40.5(不使用)、XGN□(JGN□)-40.5(不使用)、KYN61-40.5(目前市場上主流產(chǎn)品)、KYN96-40.5;

　　2. Medium and high voltage category: GG-1A (F) (not recommended), XGN2-12 (not recommended), KYN1-12 (not recommended) JYN2, 6-12 (not recommended), HXGN-12 (F), XGN15-12 (SF6), KYN18-12, KYN28-12 (currently mainstream products in the market), KYN □ -24 (becoming a development trend), JYN1-40.5 (not recommended), XGN □ (JGN □) -40.5 (not recommended), KYN61-40.5 (currently mainstream products in the market) KYN96-40.5;

　　3、箱變類：YBM□-12(24、40.5)/0.4、ZGS9(11)-12(40.5)/0.4、10KV中壓開關(guān)站、35KV高壓開關(guān)站。成套配電設(shè)備的組成1、一二次元器件;

　　3. Box type transformer: YBM □ -12 (24, 40.5)/0.4, ZGS9 (11) -12 (40.5)/0.4, 10KV medium voltage switchgear, 35KV high voltage switchgear. Price composition of complete power distribution equipment 1. Price of primary and secondary components;

　　2、輔材，包括：二次線、端子、線鼻、線夾、繞線管、號(hào)碼管、字碼、扎帶、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件等;

　　2. The prices of auxiliary materials include: secondary wires, terminals, wire noses, wire clamps, winding tubes, number tubes, character codes, zip ties, standard parts, etc;

　　3、母排，母排用量按一次方案圖預(yù)算;

　　3. The price of the busbar and the amount of busbar used are budgeted based on a single plan diagram;

　　4、殼體，比如：GGD：1800.00元/臺(tái);KYN28-12：6500.00元/臺(tái);HXGN-12：2500.00元/臺(tái);KYN61-40.5：16500.00元/臺(tái);GCK、GCS、MNS需按一次方案由殼體廠家進(jìn)行報(bào)價(jià);箱式變電站、非標(biāo)箱(柜)按箱體尺寸計(jì)算。

　　4. Shell price, for example: GGD: 1800.00 yuan/unit; KYN28-12:6500.00 yuan/unit; HXGN-12:2500.00 yuan/unit; KYN61-40.5: 16500.00 yuan/unit; GCK, GCS, and MNS need to be quoted by professional shell manufacturers according to a one-time plan; Box type substations and non-standard boxes (cabinets) are calculated based on the size of the box body.

　　5、包裝及運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用;

　　5. Packaging and transportation costs;

　　6、企業(yè)綜合費(fèi)用，包括管理費(fèi)、人工工資、稅金及利潤等;

　　6. Enterprise comprehensive expenses, including management fees, labor wages, taxes, and profits;

　　7、其它費(fèi)用，比如投標(biāo)時(shí)若中標(biāo)需向招標(biāo)公司交納一定的費(fèi)用。報(bào)價(jià)過程及應(yīng)注意事項(xiàng)1、對(duì)圖紙進(jìn)行的消化：

　　7. Other expenses, such as paying a certain fee to the bidding company if winning the bid. Quotation process and precautions: 1. Thoroughly digest the drawings:

　　根據(jù)用戶提供的圖紙，將圖紙的目錄進(jìn)行

　　Based on the drawings provided by the user, first create a table of contents for the drawings

　　核對(duì)、然后分配歸類。按照?qǐng)D紙?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)說明及技術(shù)要求(對(duì)有招標(biāo)文件而言，還需結(jié)合招標(biāo)文件技術(shù)要求)理解本工程的設(shè)計(jì)意圖，考慮核算可變方案所需的，同時(shí)應(yīng)重視平面布置圖(平面布置圖上反映柜與柜之間有無母線橋架及母線橋架長度)。

　　Verify and then assign categories. Understand the design intention of this project according to the design specifications and technical requirements (for those with bidding documents, it is also necessary to combine the technical requirements of the bidding documents), consider calculating the price required for variable schemes, and pay attention to the floor plan (which reflects whether there is a busbar bridge between cabinets and the length of the busbar bridge).

　　2、相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)：(1)就高壓柜而言，為了滿足五防要求，進(jìn)線柜需配帶電顯示器(強(qiáng)制型：DXN-10、24/35Q)及電磁鎖，出線柜需配帶電顯示器(提示型：DXN-10/35T)及接地開關(guān)聯(lián)鎖裝置。

　　2. Related precautions: (1) For high-voltage cabinets, in order to meet the five prevention requirements, incoming cabinets need to be equipped with live displays (mandatory type: DXN-10, 24/35Q) and electromagnetic locks, while outgoing cabinets need to be equipped with live displays (prompt type: DXN-10/35T) and grounding switch interlocking devices.

　　(2)兩路電源進(jìn)線時(shí)考慮備自投裝置，兩路電源進(jìn)線與母聯(lián)之間考慮電氣及機(jī)械聯(lián)鎖裝置(三合兩)。

　　(2) When two power sources are connected, a backup automatic switching device should be considered, and electrical and mechanical interlocking devices (three in two) should be considered between the two power sources and the busbar.

　　(3)六氟化硫環(huán)網(wǎng)柜與KYN28-12中置柜一般需配溫濕度控制器及加熱器。

　　(3) Sulfur hexafluoride ring main unit and KYN28-12 central cabinet generally require temperature and humidity controllers and heaters.

　　(4)對(duì)相間及相間對(duì)地距離不能滿足帶電要求時(shí)需采取母排硫化處理或采用異形母排或母排套熱縮套管，接頭也應(yīng)用絕緣罩包覆。

　　(4) When the distance between phases and between phases to ground cannot meet the requirements for electrification, busbar vulcanization treatment or the use of irregular busbars or busbar sleeves with heat shrink tubing should be adopted, and the joints should also be covered with insulation covers.

　　(5)了解低壓塑殼斷路器附件的意義，如下表：

　　(5) Understand the significance of accessories for low-voltage molded case circuit breakers, as shown in the table below:

　　(6)了解低壓抽出式開關(guān)柜結(jié)構(gòu)(抽屜柜抽屜安裝總有效高度≤1800.00mm)，詳見下表：注：1、以常用塑殼斷路器而言，63A抽屜模數(shù)為1/2或1/4，100A(125A)、160A、225A(250A)為1模數(shù)或1.5模數(shù)，400A為2模數(shù)或3模數(shù)，630A為2模數(shù)或3模數(shù)，當(dāng)630A做成抽屜有困難時(shí)可改為固定插拔式安裝。

　　(6) Understand the structure of low-voltage withdrawable switchgear (drawer cabinet drawer installation total effective height ≤ 1800.00mm), as shown in the table below: Note: 1. For commonly used molded case circuit breakers, the 63A drawer module is 1/2 or 1/4100A (125A), 160A, 225A (250A) are 1 module or 1.5 module, 400A is 2 module or 3 module, 630A is 2 module or 3 module. When 630A is difficult to make drawers, it can be changed to fixed plug-in installation.

　　2、GCS、MNS有經(jīng)濟(jì)型與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型之分;GCK、GCS、MNS還可做成固定分隔式。

　　2. GCS and MNS are divided into economic and standard types; GCK, GCS, and MNS can also be made into fixed partitions.

　　3、抽屜柜單元抽屜有效安裝尺寸：　　160mm：160.00mm-41.00mm=119.00mm;　　200mm：200.00mm-41.00mm=159.00mm;　　220mm：220.00mm-41.00mm=179.00mm;　　240mm：240.00mm-41.00mm=199.00mm　　320mm：320.00mm-41.00mm=279.00mm　　400mm：400.00mm-41.00mm=359.00mm　　600mm：600.00mm-41.00mm=559.00mm

　　3. Effective installation size of drawer cabinet unit drawers: 160mm: 160.00mm -41.00mm=119.00mm; 200mm: 20.00mm-41.00mm=159.00mm; 220mm: 220.00mm-41.00mm=179.00mm; 240 mm：240.00mm-41.00mm=199.00mm　　320mm：320.00mm-41.00mm=279.00mm　　400mm：400.00mm-41.00mm=359.00mm　　600mm：600.00mm-41.00mm=559.00mm

　　4、GGD殼體電器元件有效安裝尺寸：　　600mm柜寬：600.00mm-5×2-25×2-30×2=480.00mm　　800mm柜寬：800.00mm-5×2-25×2-30×2=680.00mm　　1000mm柜寬：1000.00mm-5×2-25×2-30×2=880.00mm　　1200mm柜寬：1200.00mm-5×2-25×2-30×2=1080.00mm

　　4. Effective installation size of GGD shell electrical components: 600mm Cabinet width: 600.00mm -5 × 2-25 × 2-30 × 2=480.00mm Cabinet width: 800.00mm -5 × 2-25 × 2-30 × 2=680.00mm 1000mm Cabinet width: 1000.00mm -5 × 2-25 × 2-30 × 2=880.00mm 1200mm Cabinet width: 1200.00mm -5 × 2-25 × 2-30 × 2=1080.00mm

　　5、低壓柜母線的計(jì)算：

　　5. Calculation of low-voltage cabinet busbar:

　　變壓器上進(jìn)線及聯(lián)絡(luò)柜三相主母排單拼大約16米(柜寬為800mm時(shí))。當(dāng)進(jìn)線柜帶計(jì)量時(shí)，由于計(jì)量互感器及計(jì)量表計(jì)占用一定的空間致使刀開關(guān)及空氣開關(guān)安裝位置都要下移，故母線長度還應(yīng)加長每相約0.6m;當(dāng)母線長度大于6m時(shí)，母線之間需考慮搭接頭;當(dāng)母線為雙拼或三拼時(shí)，還需考慮墊塊;當(dāng)進(jìn)出線電纜較多時(shí)應(yīng)考慮橫排出線

　　The three-phase main busbar of the transformer's incoming line and connecting cabinet is assembled in a single unit for approximately 16 meters (when the cabinet width is 800mm). When the incoming cabinet is equipped with a measuring device, the installation positions of the knife switch and air switch need to be moved down due to the space occupied by the measuring transformer and the measuring meter. Therefore, the length of the busbar should be extended by about 0.6m. When the length of the busbar is greater than 6m, lap joints should be considered between the busbars; When the busbar is double or triple spliced, cushion blocks should also be considered; When there are many incoming and outgoing cables, horizontal outgoing lines should be considered

　　熟悉并掌握常用技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)1、母排理論重量及載流量選用表

　　Familiar with and proficient in commonly used technical data 1. Selection table for theoretical weight and current carrying capacity of busbar

　　(1)接觸面搪錫或鍍錫。(2)環(huán)境溫度：銅母線為40℃，鋁母線為35℃，工作溫度為85℃。(3)周圍環(huán)境溫度不等于40℃的校正系數(shù)見下表

　　(1) Tin coating or tin plating on the contact surface. (2) Environmental temperature: Copper busbar is 40 ℃, aluminum busbar is 35 ℃, and the maximum working temperature is 85 ℃. (3) The correction factors for ambient temperatures not equal to 40 ℃ are shown in the table below

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